Clean Well Lighted Place Essays (908 words) - A Clean,

Clean Well Lighted Place Ernest Hemingway was born on July 21st, 1899. He was the son of Dr. Clarence Edmonds and Grace Hall Hemingway. He grew up in a small town called Oak Park, Illinois. Hemingway was brought up in a somewhat conservative household by his parents who pushed the value of politeness and religion. It wasn't until he began English classes in school that his writing talent began to shine. After he graduated from high school Hemingway turned his back on university and he decided to move to Kansas City. It was there where he got his first job as a writer. He was a reporter for the Kansas City Star. The Star was the first to introduce to him the news writing format which demands brief, to the point sentences and the smooth flowing of ideas. It seems that Hemingway adapted this style to his fiction writng. Hemingway demonstrates this talent in a short story called "A Clean Well-Lighted Place". When he was 19 Hemingway enlisted in the army. He was rejected due to a defective left eye. He then turned to the Red Cross in which he became a second lieutenant. The Red Cross brought him to the front lines of the war in Italy. It was here where he saw many disturbing sights which probably had a hand in shaping his character. After extensive injuries from the war, Hemingway returned unhappily to Oak Park. The impression left on him by his participation in the war had greatly changed him. He began living at home again but refused to get a job, even when his mother ordered him to. Soon she kicked him out and he moved to Chicago. Here he made a living writing for the Toronto Star and working as a sparring partner for boxers. While he was in Chicago he met his first wife, the young and innocent Elizabeth Hadley Richardson. Soon the young couple were married and they moved to Paris. It was here where Hemingway encountered many of the greats, F. Scott Fitzgerald, Ezra Pound, Gertrude Stein, James Joyce, John Dos Passos and Ford Madox Ford. It was Stein who took him under her wing. She was first to point him in the direction of the simple declarative sentence, which was another great influence on his style. It seems to me that it wasn't until Hemingway developed an interest in bull fighting that the idea for "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" may have come around. Bull fighting seemed to trigger a whole new interest in Spain. The short story "A Clean, Well-Lighted Place" was set in a small cafe in Madrid, Spain. There is an old deaf man who sits alone on a patio, sipping brandy. Together two waiters observe the old man who is their last customer. The old man is comforted by the peaceful atmosphere of the cafe but the younger waiter wants him to leave. Hemingway may have seen himself as the older waiter, he was about thirty-five years old when this story was written. In the story the older waiter comes from the stand-point that he is getting old and he does not really have anything to show for life, no friends, not very much money, and no real love. At this point in his life, Hemingway may have seen himself here. "A Clean and Well-Lighted Place" originally appeared in a short story book, To Have and Have Not. This is a good summary phrase for this story. You have happiness or you don't, you have friends or lovers or you don't, you have money or you don't, and for those people who don't, there must be a place where they can seek a false sense of comfort, like a quiet cafe in Spain. I feel that Hemingway might have been feeling lonely and unfulfilled when he wrote this story. The cafe might have been a fantasy place where he may have liked to go to comfort himself. It seems that he puts himself in the place of the older waiter who really has nothing but his work. Hemingway probably felt that he had nothing but his writing. There was an interesting part in the story that slants towards a religious theme. He writes, "It was nothing that he knew too well. It was all a nothing and a men was nothing too. It was only that and light was all it needed and a certain cleanness and order. Some lived in it and never felt it but he knew it all was

Black Soldiers in the Civil War essays

Black Soldiers in the Civil War essays The American Civil War was a conflict between the Union and the Confederacy. It was a war between the states. The North was fighting to abolish slavery and the South was fighting for their independence. During the war, roughly three million people fought for their cause. The majority of these three million soldiers are sung heroes. However, there are still those heros who people are unaware of. One rarely hears about these unsung heroes who were of tremendous assistance to the cause. These heroes are the southern slaves who became soldiers and joined the Union Army. Although many do not know of their role, the black soldiers played a very significant part in the American Civil war. There were many different black regiments that took part in the fight for freedom. Some examples of such regiments were the 54th Massachusetts, the Black Brigade of Cincinnatti, and the First Regiment South Carolina Volunteers. In addition to these, there were also countless others. Hundreds of thousands of black men wanted the chance to fight for their freedom. The 54th Massachusetts was organized in March of 1863 at Camp Meigs, Readville, Massachusetts by Robert Gould Shaw. This was one of the first all black regiments formed. Free blacks from the north, particularly Massachusetts and Pennsylvania, made up this regiment. The main sacrifice made was life. Soon after being formed, the 54th engaged in battle at Battery Wagner. There was over 250 men killed. Included was the founder Colonel Shaw, who died on the crest of the enemy parapet shouting, Forward, Fifty-fourth!2 Several other members of the 54th either risked or lost their lives. One such person was Sgt.! William H. Carney. He received the Medal of Honor for risking his life in action. His actions were described as follows: When the color sergeant was shot down, this soldier grasped the flag, led the way to the parapet, and planted the colors thereon. ...

Apartheid essays

Apartheid essays After researching apartheid I found many points relating to the matter. First of all, let me give a proper definition for apartheid. It is a policy of segregation and political and economic discrimination against non-European groups in the Republic of South Africa. It is an Afrikaans word meaning separateness. One main point that I received from my research was that the Afrikaner Nationalists believed that although South Africa was an undivided state, its people did not make up a complete state. This is an important point because it showed the basic philosophy of apartheid. There were thirteen different nations in South Africa. These included the Whites, Coloureds, Indians, and ten black African groups. They had done this because it was their observation that whenever people of different races, religions, or cultures came in contact with one another, friction would occur. So the solution they had to this problem was to create a society in which contact between races was avoided as much as possible. Without race contact there would be no race friction, therefore separation was the key to peace for all South Africans. So laws were created to make sure that members from different social groups did not socialize together, marry, sleep together, or share any public facilities. In my opinion, this twisted system could never work. It is one thing to separate different groups from one another to avoid problems, but it is another to use this method to purposely hold other groups down while elevating your own. This is exactly what the whites had done in South Africa. They refused to let any of the other groups receive any social, economic, or political power under the system of apartheid. They did this by any means necessary, especially force. I think that their main reason for implementing these rules under apartheid was because of their fears. The Afrikaners, who were the white Dutch settlers, were always ...

Truckers vs. Uber Who Has The Edge

Truckers vs. Uber Who Has The Edge Over at CareersInGear.com, trucking experts are examining the rising domination of Uber and wondering what the implications are for the trucking industry. First off, what is Uber? It’s a self-employed taxi service where drivers register their own vehicles and riders can book cars, negotiate rates, and leave reviews. Drivers get to review passengers too, so it’s in everyone’s best interest to behave professionally. The positives are easy access door-to-door service; the major con, according to critics, is the service’s predatory effect on cab drivers and professional limo operators.On the surface, it would seem like off-duty truckers could make some easy money by becoming Uber drivers on the side. One, it would be easier to connect with dispatchers and customers since Uber is available on smartphones; and two, drivers wouldn’t  have to wait to be hired. But the potential risks may outweigh those rewards- you wouldn’t have to be a seasoned tr uck driver to book rides on Uber, which could result in less experienced drivers finding themselves in dangerous situations or hurting the reputations of drivers who are properly licensed.There is currently no way to verify that your driver even has a license on Uber- much less to ascertain they have a DOT-approved CDL or the relevant endorsements. There would also need to be tracking systems, a paper trail to enforce existing regulations, and mechanisms to ensure drivers’ safety.And let’s not forget, truckers already have Uber-like systems that allow drivers to book hauls online, customers to track deliveries, and dispatchers to set up and distribute jobs. Until Uber can provide something more than a risky opportunity for independent drivers seeking to line up their own work, it doesn’t have much to offer the already in-demand trucking industry.

Franzen's metaphorical language Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Franzen's metaphorical language - Essay Example â€Å"That security cameras no bigger than spiders are watching from every shaded corner† allows the reader to picture a similar situation in mind as they may not have seen cameras that small, but they must have most definitely come across the creepy crawlies. He starts off by quoting several other writers who have the same to say. It convinces the reader that since there is more than one person who thinks in a similar direction, then there must be some truth in what Franzen is saying. Thus, the reader may give a chance to what the writer has to say and maybe, by the end of the article, even agree with him. He, himself though, seems to be annoyed with the invasion of privacy. It is abhorrent to him to be reading about the personal lives of others and does not want the same to happen to him: â€Å"was that my own privacy – not Clinton’s, not Lewinsky’s – was being violated. (†¦) What I felt, I felt personally. I was being intruded on.† He talks about how most of us may not be much affected by the complete lack of privacy we have. â€Å"The panic about privacy has all the finger-pointing and paranoia of a good old American scare, but it’s missing one vital ingredient: a genuinely alarmed public. Americans care about privacy mainly in the abstract.† It is possible that this is because we have not been that overly distressed with the amount of our information which is out in the public. Though some may, of course, be angry over the same point as they may have been greatly negatively influenced by it. On the whole though, â€Å"privacy proves to be the Cheshire cat of values: not much substance, but a very winning smile†. The writer brings in the much famed fictional character of Lewis Caroll’s to make the comparison of what privacy really is in the life of an average human being. There is great hype over the want of it but to most really having it does not matter much. Franzen does seem to b e fair though. He brings in both the sides of the arguments that privacy seems to be important to us and yet when our particular details are out in the open, it may make our lives much easier to live by. â€Å"I resent the security cameras in the Washington Square, but I appreciate the ones on a subway platform.† These cameras do take away a measure of privacy but they also help in keeping the people safe, and nobody would complain about that. In the beginning, if our private life is being watched over, it does not matter much as long as we do not â€Å"feel† it. We may be perfectly fine with strangers knowing pieces of information about us, but it is personal when someone we actually know finds out something about us. â€Å"But our respective privacies remain intact as long as neither of us feels seen.† And when anything personal about our life is plastered all over the newspapers and televisions, crying out to the world to notice and see them, then that is whe n we feel that the limits have been crossed. We are no longer happy with the situation of how our life seems to be a book or movie for everyone to watch or read and give their opinions about: â€Å"my disgust was of a different order, from my partisan disgust at the news that the Giants have blown a fourth quarter lead.†

The Definition of Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

The Definition of Art - Essay Example Art in the Middle Ages can be seen to be dominated by themes of Christianity as the Paganism of the shattered Roman Empire gave way to the Christian belief structures of the new emperors and rulers. From roughly the 500s to the 1500s, art was dominated by a rigid interpretation offered by religious leaders rather than through any of the science or knowledge that had been gained in earlier centuries. Like the Renaissane itself, the Middle Ages can often be broken down into three distinct periods: the early middle ages, the central middle ages and the late middle ages. â€Å"During the early Middle Ages, most paintings were found in the form of illustrated manuscripts. This remained the chief form of painting for years† (Rymer, 2004). A chief reason for this was due to the fact that much of the art produced during this period was produced in the only place where individuals had the leisure and materials with which to produce it and where the wealth consented to support it. Manus cripts were important in preserving the knowledge of the church before the printing press was invented and the illustration of these manuscripts was encouraged by those individuals with the power and strength to encourage it but without the knowledge to read it. â€Å"During the time of Charlemagne, a large emphasis was placed on learning. Though Charlemagne could not read, he supported the development of illustrated texts† (Rymer, 2004). Color usage was relatively muted in the earliest examples of illustrated manuscripts.

Comparative Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Comparative Financial Reporting - Essay Example Material misstatements are misstatements that can affect users' decisions on the financial statements of a company. The auditor may either issue an unmodified opinion (when the financial statements are not materially misstated or a modified opinion (when the financial statements are materially misstated). (McMeeking, 2006). This paper examines contemporary issues between International Financial Reporting IFRS and the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles GAAP. The IASB / FASB project on revising the conceptual Framework has removed ' substance over form'. (IASB / FASB May 2008, Exposure Draft, Conceptual framework for Financial Reporting ) . The explanation is: BC2.19. The Boards concluded that faithful representation means that financial reporting information represent the substance of an economic phenomenon rather than solely its legal form. To represent legal form that differs from the economic substance of the underlying economic phenomenon could not result in a faithful representation. Accordingly, the proposed framework does not identify substance over form as a component of faithful representation because to do so would be redundant. However, the fair value view assumes that market are relatively perfect and complete and that in such a setting financial reports should satisfy both the interest of passive investors and creditors by stating a current value derived from the current market prices. An alternative view to this doctrine assumes that markets are imperfect and incomplete and that in such a market settings, monitoring requirements of shareholders should be catered for. To conclude therefore, in the words of Whittington (2007), the practical supports of two views is unrealistic as in a realistic market setting; the search for a universal measurement method may be fruitless. According to Whittington (2007), a more appropriate approach to the measurement problem might be to define a clear measurement objective and to select the measurement that best meet the objective. 1. 2.0 Identify and comment on what you regard as the 4 most significant accounting policy differences between IFRS's and US GAAP ' (200 words) International Accounting Standards (IAS/IFRS) are a set of accounting standards promulgated by the International Accounting Standards committee (IASC) and intended to be used as a basis for cross-border capital raising and listing in global financial markets. (Asbaugh, 2001). The main goal of the International set of Accounting Standards is to standardise the financial and accounting method disclosures of firms in different nations. That is, if firms follow the same set of accounting standards, their external financial reports will provide more uniform disclosures and thus investors would make more use of the variables inherent in the financial statements. (Asbaugh, 2001). Also, firms and investors would benefit from financial statements prepared following an international set of accounting standards. (Asbaugh, 2001). In meeting with the above objectives, the European Union issued regulation 1606/2002 of July 19, 2002 requiring that all companies listed in the European Union and European listed companies in other countries to adopt international accounting standards in their Financial statements from 1st January 2005 onwards. The regulation also gave member states the

Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 14

Question - Essay Example Due to the complex competitive and fast moving world, it is pivotal for organization to have the ability to innovate and install sooner. The role of leadership is vital for sustaining, creating and managing innovation. Leaders have the capability to be flexible in problem solving, intuition and possess the quality of curiosity to the drive the growth and success of organization (Posner, 2012). Leadership can change the climate of organization which can eventually help for innovation. Every successful organization has leaders who can use their head effectively, create open and supportive environment in workplace and finally facilitating idea with guts. Leadership role is also to inspire, collaborate and make creative process for the betterment of organization. Motivation of people in workplace, focusing on change management and setting direction are the critical role of leadership for sustaining innovation. Reward system for employee has been one method to motivate the employees. The beneficiary factor of this system is that it can motivate employees for the benefit of organization. Reward is completely different from salary. Individual reward system is providing employee higher pay rate or other benefits on the basis of skills and dedication towards the work. Certain employee provides every effort necessary to make the company successful. This individual employee is provided rewards for their effort and will power. The reason behind the use of individual rewards system to create a clear plan, motivate to perform better. Individual reward can give provide huge motivational factor than that of group rewards. It can simply boost the performance of single individual employee. The ethical implication of individual reward system can help other personnel in an organization to understand the reason behind the personal reward (Williams, 2012). This can effectively boost

American college student Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

American college student - Assignment Example This is a psychosocial theory that is developed on four pillars that include situation, self, strategy and support (Isaacson, 2008). This psychosocial theory helps individuals be able to address issues in their lives since they aid people to determine what and how they would love to live their lives thereafter. Collaborating with other institutions around the college that provide services relevant to the courses that the students are undertaking is also vital in training them how to work in their respective fields. This can be coupled with Kuh’s collaborative assignments and projects. Kuh (2008) says that they help students learn how to work as well as sharpen their ability to grasp things and work while incorporating other people’s ideas in order to produce fine-tuned results. Kuh (2008) states that this is done through ways like â€Å"study groups, assignments done in groups, and projects and research work done cooperatively†. This also helps cement the place o f the college within the community and among the stakeholders if the students come out better people, thus; the college reputation remains good for a long time. Question 2 Creating a program that will enable students to achieve at least two of Kuh’s high-impact educational practices, it is imperative to include all the students. Programs aimed at a more tenured faculty with a better faculty student interaction should be encouraged (Kuh, 2008). This is so to ensure that all the students from different, but related faculties can share ideas and learn how to work in two or more related fields towards a common goal. This also enables students to interact more with their faculty professors in an attempt to understand their course work better. Additionally, students obtain a platform to ask questions that are helpful in their course work and in building their careers. This ensures and helps students irrespective of who they are to achieve the common intellectual experience of Kuhâ €™s high-impact educational practices (Kuh, 2008). Faculties should also encourage students to get more involved in research work and courses to learn more, instead of dwelling mainly on theory. Students should be able to test the authenticity of whatever they are taught in class in order to ascertain the credibility of information received and even to learn how to perform outdoor functions (Jones & Abes, 2013). Students doing their own research learn self-independence and the art of referencing. Other skills that come with conducting research are also gained by all the students. Sharing these ideas in class will, in effect, help them compare notes on what the most effective methods to use are and how to employ them. This line of approach actually helps achieve Kuh’s other emphasis which is involvement in undergraduate research (Kuh, 2008). Intensive and thorough internship programs with grades attached to the time and effort placed by the students during their placement is another way of ensuring that all the students are involved in learning. Their assessment during the internship is done by the idustrial supervisor who will ensure that they master how to do their delegated duties in perfection. Kuh states that internship provides students with the professional coaching; thus, they can benefit from real work environment experience (Kuh, 2008). Question 1 Chickering’

Civil engineering Essay Example for Free

Civil engineering Essay In modern usage, civil engineering is a broad field of engineering that deals with the planning, construction, and maintenance of fixed structures, or public works, as they are related to earth, water, or civilization and their processes. See also: Earth Climate Geochemistry Environmental Science Geology Matter Energy Civil Engineering Engineering Engineering and Construction Most civil engineering today deals with power plants, bridges, roads, railways, structures, water supply, irrigation, environmental, sewer, flood control, transportation, telecommunications and traffic. In essence, civil engineering may be regarded as the profession that makes the world a more agreeable place in which to live. Engineering has developed from observations of the ways natural and constructed systems react and from the development of empirical equations that provide bases for design. Civil engineering is the broadest of the engineering fields, partly because it is the oldest of all engineering fields. In fact, engineering was once divided into only two fields, military and civil. Civil engineering is still an umbrella term, comprised of many related specialities. For more information about the topic Civil engineering, read the full article at Wikipedia.org, or see the following related articles: Traffic engineering (transportation) — Traffic engineering is a branch of civil engineering that uses engineering techniques to achieve the safe and efficient movement of people and goods. .. Related Stories Researchers Building Lightweight Bridge For The 21st Century (January 28, 1999) — The bridge of the 21st century wont be made of concrete and steel, but of strong, lightweight materials equipped with electronic and optical sensors that warn engineers of any potential read more Wireless Nano Sensors Could Save Bridges, Buildings (April 12, 2010) — Could inexpensive  wireless sensors based on nanotechnology be used to alert engineers to problematic cracks and damage to buildings, bridges, and other structures before they become critical? A read more NSF Funds First Phase Of Earthquake Network (September 7, 2000) — The National Science Foundation (NSF) has awarded $300,000 to the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign to design a national online network that will transform earthquake engineering read more Wind Expert Cites Poor Building Practices In Connection With Storm Deaths And Destruction (March 4, 1998) — National wind expert Dr. Peter Sparks, a professor of civil engineering and engineering mechanics at Clemson University, cites poor practices in connection with last weeks tornado-related death read more Quicky Assembled Bamboo Bridge, Strong Enough For Trucks, Opens In China (December 18, 2007) — In China, bamboo is used for furniture, artwork, building scaffolding, panels for concrete casting and now, truck bridges. The sustainable design is the first of its kind: the 10-meter span in Hunan read more

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution

The 1956 Hungarian Revolution The events of 1956 in Hungary, in the months of October and November, are considered by Westerners as one of the darkest moments of the Cold War. Indeed had President Eisenhower and his US officials observed the spontaneous national uprising in Hungary with shock and perplexity.  « Trumans doctrine of Containment  » had been preserved since the mid 1940s, and a revolution against the USSRs rule in Soviet sphere of influence was seen as a huge victory against communism. Wise Eisenhower however dared not to risk and jeopardize the atmosphere of improving relations with the newly empowered Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev. Nikita Khrushchev, born in 1894, was of poor background. He used to work as a pipe fitter in the mines. He fought in the Bolshevik Revolution and is known for participating in the bloody defense of Stalingrad, an anecdote he took great pride in throughout his life. In 1953, when Stalin passed away, Nikita returned to Moscow as one of Stalins close advisers and was eventually pronounced new leader of the USSR. On February 25, 1956, at the Twentieth Party Congress, he delivered the Secret Speech, vilifying Stalin. Khrushchevs new domestic policies, aimed at improving the lives of ordinary citizens, were often ineffective, especially in the area of agriculture. He also backed the progress of the early Soviet space program. Hoping to rely on missiles for national defense, Khrushchev ordered major cuts in conventional forces. Despite the cuts, Khrushchevs rule saw the tensest years of the Cold War, culminating in the Cuban Missile Crisis. However in the Secret Speech, Khrushchev openly de nounced Stalins cult of personality, and criticized Soviets who pictured him as a divinity on an altar and blindly approved of him on whichever aspect. At that time in Hungary, the revolution was about to burst. In 1955, Imre Nagy, famous for his belief in communism with a human face, was replaced as Hungarian prime minister and expelled from communist party over liberal policies. Early 1956 saw Polish anti-communist revolts by imposing the Martial Law. Reformist Wladyslaw Gomulka was eventually elected head of the communist party. These events steered a student revolt in the streets of Budapest in October 23. The few students were soon joined by 200.000 other Hungarians, fuelled by the lukewarm prospect of liberation. The swelling demonstration then headed for the parliament where Nagy failed to connect with the crowd, and attended the retrieval of the angry mob to Radio Budapest. The most optimistics had hoped for the permission for a broadcast which included the demand of the withdrawal of Soviet troops and Hungarian Independance. The AVH secret police opened fire to disperse the crowd. Over the course of the next week, Nagy underwent a remarkable transformation, from a more or less dutiful pro-Moscow Communist to a politician willing to sanction unprecedented political, economic and social reform. These included the establishment of a multi-party state in Hungary and insistent on the withdrawal of all Soviet forces from the country. By November 1st, Nagy took the dramatic step of declaring Hungarys rejection of the Warsaw Pact and appealed to the United Nations for help in establishing the countrys neutrality. Surprisingly, on October 23 the revolt seemed like it was on the verge of an amazing triumph. The entire nation appeared to have taken up arms against the regime. On October 31, the tide seemed to turn in the revolutions favour when Pravda published a declaration promising greater equality in relations between the USSR and its East European satellites. One sentence of particular interest stated : The Soviet Government is prepared to enter into the appropriate negotiations with the government of the Hungarian Peoples Republic and other members of the Warsaw Treaty on the question of the presence of Soviet troops on the territory of Hungary. However, the apparent atmosphere derived from reality. Even CIA Director Allen Dulles described the succeeding uprising as a miracle. But the upcoming events evinced the untrustworthiness of the misleading declarations of the Kremlin. The latter believed that the rebellion directly threatened Communist rule in Hungary. Poland strangely did not suffer Soviet aggression contrastingly to Hungary, perhaps because Wladyslaw Gomulka and the Polish Communists solely challenged Kremlin rule and not the whole Communist system as the slav students had. The Kremlin also forecasted the West to judge their lack of response as a sign of weakness, which could encourage future uprisings of neighbouring satellite states and leaders. After the events of October 23 in Budapest, unarmed demonstrators were targeted by Soviet tanks. The angry and fed up people of Hungary called for a symbolic general strike. Janos Kadar was freed and became Nagys deputy. The revolution spreaded to the countryside. Nagy felt optimistic about the inauguration of negociations with the Soviets. On November 1st, Nagy officially announced Hungarys withdrawal of the Warsaw Pact. The Kremlin contemplated and deduced no other choice but to invade Hungarys Republic. The fourth, Soviet forces launched a major attack on Hungary aimed at crushing once and for all the spontaneous uprising. Within hours, Nagy himself sought asylum at the Yugoslav Embassy in Budapest while his former colleague and imminent replacement, Jà ¡nos Kà ¡dà ¡r prepared to take power with Moscows backing. On November 22, after receiving assurances of safe passage from Kà ¡dà ¡r and the Soviets, Nagy finally agreed to leave the Yugoslav Embassy. But he was immediately a rrested by Soviet security officers and flown to a secret location in Romania. By then, the fighting had mostly ended, the Hungarian resistance had essentially been destroyed, and Kà ¡dà ¡r was entering the next phase of his strategy to neutralize dissent for the long term. The Russians had once again demonstrated to be harsh and hostile when confronted to a revolt in its Empire. Some Hungarians are still embittered by the hypocrical approach the Soviet performed to crush the revolt. No other uprising was observed until the 1989 call for democracy. The history of the events of 1956 was effectively sealed to Hungarians. Even to mention the name of Imre Nagy in public was to risk punishment. At the exact same time the Hungarian revolution took place in the month of October, another crisis nearby began in Suez. On July 26, 1956, the Egyptian president, Gamal Abdel Nasser, nationalized the Suez Canal. The canal had been owned by the Suez Canal Company, which was controlled by French and British interests. The Suez Crisis was provoked by an American and British decision not to finance Egypts construction of the Aswan High Dam, as they had promised, in response to Egypts growing ties with communist Czechoslovakia and the Soviet Union. Vengefully, Abdel declared martial law in the canal zone and seized control of the Suez Canal Company, predicting that the tolls collected from ships passing through the canal would pay for the dams construction within five years. Britain and France feared that Nasser might close the canal and cut off shipments of petroleum flowing from the Persian Gulf to western Europe. When diplomatic efforts to settle the crisis failed, Britain and France s ecretly prepared military action to regain control of the canal and, if possible, to depose Nasser. They found a ready ally in Israel, whose hostility toward Egypt had been exacerbated by Nassers blockage of the Straits of Tiran (at the mouth of the Gulf of Aqaba) and the numerous raids by Egyptian-supported commandos into Israel during 1955-56. Britain and France, following their plan, demanded that Israeli and Egyptian troops withdraw from the canal, and they announced that they would intervene to enforce a cease-fire ordered by the United Nations. On November 5 and 6, British and French forces landed at Port Said and Port Fuad and began occupying the canal zone. This move was soon met by growing opposition at home and by U.S, which quickly put a stop to the Anglo-French action. On December 22 the UN evacuated British and French troops, and Israeli forces withdrew in March 1957. In the coldest year of the Cold War, the worlds attention was diverted from Hungary. OIL, the black gold, was the main interest of the power-hungry leaders of the time. This was more or less a strategic war, aimed at keeping the prosperity of the capitalist nations. France and England could have intervened in Hungary, but their concerns was to maintain European influence on Egyptian soils. The Suez Canal was situated in a crucial and strategic location, where taxes financed the British and French economies. The two countries also did not want to test the Soviet super-power and begin a open conflict with the communists, when they already were a problem at home. President Eisenhower also assumed that US intervention in Suez would be seen as self-interested, and a US support in the Hungarian revolution would have been obnoxious to the USSR. Eisenhowers policy was indeed to promote the independence of the so-called captive nations, but only over the longer-term. The policy of Containment had evolved into a more nonbelligerant and poker-face aspect, where military involvment had proved not be the exclusive answer to deal with a communist situation. The president was not ready to jeopardize the increasing pacifistic atmosphere of tolerance, world peace and cooperation which had been perceived over the last few years. The Hungarian revolt could have ended in a nuclear war opposing East and West, but fortunately, the Suez crisis and Eisenhowers wisdom and skepticism inhibited the catastrophic scenario. Nasser emerged from the Suez Crisis a victor and a hero for the cause of Arab and Egyptian nationalism. Israel did not win freedom to use the canal, but it did regain shipping rights in the Straits of Tiran. Britain and France, less fortunate, lost most of their influence in the Middle East as a result of the episode. Children of Glory : Children of Glory is a movie from Hungarian-American writer Joe Eszterhas. The two main characters are Karcsi, a water polo champion, and student activist Viki. Children of Glory traces the love story of two young Hungarians confronted to the violence and desperation of a conflict in their home country. We contemplate different ways people of Hungary opposed to the Soviet domination. Many students were similar to Viki, consumed by Communist rule, and sought to gain their independance by violence if necessary. Even if at first the student revolt seemed insignificant, it is a crowd of 200.000 people that Nagy witnessed in front of the Parliament. Karcsi is drawn by his love for Viki in the middle of the bloody revolt, and grows increasingly affectionate towards the girl and in agreement with her revolutionary ideas. The boy is however more pacifistic, as we never clearly feel an urge for him to exert violence. His passion is undoubtedly water-polo, and he seems pleased with the lifesty le he leads. However, his life changes when he meets Viki and sees his interest aroused by this intriguing fiery angel. She is fierce and direct for exposing her ideas, and shows great skills when it comes to defend her opinions. This strong character melts Karcsis heart, and he soon cannot be deprived of her for long, and wishes to follow her in her revolutionary projects. When Viki asks him to represent Hungary in Melbourne for the Olympics, it is with real bewilderment that he is informed of Soviet advance on Hungarian soil. Karcsi and his team-mates are then confronted to one the most arduous decision to make : continue the Olympics and defeat the Russians in the final. With support of the coach and leadership of Karcsi, the teams challenge is attained, and Hungary brings home the gold. Their country was honorably represented, and it is therefore a minor victory over the Soviet tyrants, as an oasis of hope or a wink to every Hungarian back home. The teams achievement was world-w ide followed, as it was televised and used as propaganda against the USSR. People watching the game might have been impressed by the determination and will of the young Hungarians to defeat their oppressors. They might have thought,  « Wow, these blokes are brave  ». These televised Olympics were the second to attach great importance to the surreptitious message they can deliver. In 1936, Jesse Owens had embarrassed Hitler by defeating arian-race athletes in the jumping and racing events. Hitler was absent to every medal the black man received. However, the Olympics had demonstrated Germanys power and  « magnificence  » throughout Goebbels propaganda techniques. Twenty years later, the message the Olympics undermined was different ; even under total dominance of the USSR, Hungary and its people were still united, alive and gleaming with pride. The oppressor had been defeated in a peaceful way, which consequently gave hope and courage to the Hungarian people, overwhelmed by S oviet tanks and bodies to bury. I personally believe that this movie, however produced fifty years after the events, is still honest and accurate to describe the atmosphere at that time. It exhibits lives of common people at that time, and authentically shows how common people compared to David, dealt with the big Russian Goliath. They virtually had no possibilities to triumph in their conquest of liberty, but still, they fought for what they thought was right, and it is honorable. Many were killed. 2006 was a perfect year to release a movie in commemoration of these antagonistic joyful and morbid events. The story is clearly romanced, but this aspect is welcomed in such somber times. People are emotionaly affected by a tragic ending, with a disappointed Karcsi who will never meet his beloved again. Despite, the ending then, I think the movie is 86% accurate. There is a Soviet perspective of the story which I cannot debate on because I do not know their side of the story. I however believe the atrocities of the con flicts and the courage people manifested was overly authentic. Lately, archival records have been excavated and analysed, and even US government records have recently been re-reviewed and released in more complete form. Many people suffered during that time, it has been remembered as an obscur part of Hungarian history, and this is why the general public can be aroused by this movie. Still today, sports are a source for propaganda. Politics have infiltered every aspect of our society, and we are controlled and influenced by the leaders at the top of the pyramid. However, the heroes of 1956 are no soldiers for once, but a team of water-polo. A group of young men supporting the weight of the pride and the hope of a whole country, with in return, the backing and the blessing of this same country.

Free Shakespeares Hamlet Essays: Gertrude and Hamlet :: GCSE English Literature Coursework

Gertrude and Hamlet  Ã‚   Hamlet's behavior is often explained using Freud's theory of sexual behavior; however  the symptoms of bipolar disease explain Hamlet's behavior. Bipolar disease is defined as: "This disease causes symptoms like mood swings with periods of both depression and mania. They have consequent changes in thinking and behavior. Bipolar means the sharing of two poles, or high and low, having to do with mood."(2)   Ã‚  Ã‚   " Hamlet's behavior throughout the play was extremely physical, excessive talkativeness, destructiveness and sometimes grandiosity. These mood characteristics are the effects of bipolar disease." (1) Hamlet is extremely physical in his dealings with Ophelia and Gertrude. His excessive talkativeness is most evident in his soliloquies and his dialogue with his mother. His destructiveness is obvious in his conversation with the ghost; his grandiosity in his sarcasm towards Polonius. Incredibly, Bipolar disease describes Hamlet's behavior very accurately.    When Hamlet’s father was murdered by Claudius, difficulties arose between Hamlet and Gertrude to cope with one another. Hamlet got angry with his mother for remarrying Claudius, his father’s murderer, that he decides to be more rough towards her, simply to gain control over her.   Ã‚   When Hamlet grew up with his father and his mother, they grew up with a disorder known as Bipolar disease. "This is a disease where you think delusional, since it was inherited, passed on from parent to child, Gertrude’s marriage and Hamlet’s reaction to it, could have been the effects of this symptom. Hamlet’s father was "an enabler" who had made it possible for them to function, but now that his father is dead, they found it tough to cope with each other, as the family they once had."(1)   Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet became angry for a reason, which was to try to get attention from his mother. This attention came in a sexual form, as shown when he kissed her and when he groped her. With this new bond, he tried to gain further control over his mother, to try and abolish the marriage between her and Claudius. Two quotes to support this are: Queen: "Nay then, I’ll set those to you that can speak." (III;iv) Hamlet: "Come, come, and sit you down; you shall not budge." (III;iv)   Ã‚  Ã‚   This occurs when he tells Gertrude she can’t move, therefore he shows to the viewers he has power over what she says and does. If he cared, he would let her function as she wanted to, and he would support her decision.

Bad Decision-Making in Hamlet Essay -- Shakespeare plays, story analysi

Are you too quick to make important decisions? Do you act before you think? These quick decisions are common in the play Hamlet. Hamlet was written by William Shakespeare in 1589. The play takes place in Denmark. The protagonist is a prince named Hamlet. Hamlet’s father suddenly dies, and Hamlet’s mother, Queen Gertrude, decides to marry Hamlet’s uncle, King Claudius. Hamlet slowly goes insane, and he wants revenge on the murderer of his father. Laertes, the son of the king’s associate, makes a bad decision in the play. When Laertes’ father, Polonius, is killed, Laertes is outraged and seeks vengeance. Laertes made a bad decision in the play, but he could have tried using the decision-making process, weighing possible alternatives, and he could have changed the outcome of the play if he had made careful decisions. Laertes’ main decision in Hamlet was how to seek revenge on Prince Hamlet for killing Polonius. There are seven steps to the decision-making process. First, Laertes had to identify the decision that had to be made. Laertes did follow this step by looking for a solution of his father’s death. Next, Laertes should have gathered information relevant to his situation. Instead of this step, Laertes automatically assumed that he had to kill someone without knowing what really happened to Polonius. Then, Laertes should have identified his alternatives of the decision. Laertes did not explore alternative in the play. He immediately met with the king and decided to kill Prince Hamlet without looking at different ways to approach the situation. After exploring alternatives, Laertes should have weighed the evidence of the situation. The only evidence that Laertes had was the king’s word that Hamlet... ...the king. By killing the king, they put Denmark in better hands, and they save both of their lives. Also, Ophelia and Hamlet could get married and take the throne. Just by changing Laertes decision, the ending of Hamlet completely changes. Everyone is alive and healthy, except for King Claudius, and Denmark is not taken over by Fortinbras, an officer of a foreign country. By using the decision-making process, creating alternatives, and choosing the best outcome, Laertes would have completely changed the play, Hamlet. Laertes could have used steps two, three and four of the decision-making process to make an educated decision. Also, Laertes may have wanted to explore his many alternatives and outcomes before making his decision. Lastly, Laertes should have talked to Hamlet about the death of Polonius. Think before you act, and do not be too quick to judge.

Early Childhood Curriculum Essay

Introduction: Early Childhood is an important stage of children’s life. By interacting with people around (each other and the adults), children explore and make sense of the world around them. A successful early childhood curriculum should fulfill children’s need to give children rich experience at the most important developmental stage of their lives. This paper will critically discuss, compare and contrast High/Scope, Reggio Emilia to Te Whariki, at the end of this paper the author will talk about own philosophy of early childhood education. Hi/Scope Curriculum was developed in US in 1962 in Michcigan, this programme was designed for at risk children from low income families. There were significant issues for thildren from lower class society and especially African-American children which were shown to be low achievers and low IQ scores comparing with the same-age children in the other area at this time. In 1962 David Weikart of Ypsilanti, Michigan, became distressed at the inability of the local school system to produce literate, functional adults (Holt, 2007). As an experienced teacher, Weikart took a hard look at best practice and current educational theories. He wanted to discover a preschool curriculum that would generate better academic outcomes in later years and equip children to deal successfully with life as adults. With colleagues, Weikart initiated an experimental preschool programme, comparing the progress of his children with a control group of the same age kept at home. Thus the construction of the framework known as the High/Scope approach began. The main features of the program was regular visiting home bade by teachers, during which teachers shared information about children’s learning and development, children’s interesting was informed teacher by parents. This programme was implemented within a number of countries based on the model (Holt, 2007). The deprived neighbourhoods of Ypsilanti started to see a positive turn in children’s academic success, and the High/Scope approach spread. The success of Weikart’s approach was borne out by statistics gathered as the years went by: his High/Scope students achieved better job retention, higher earnings, lower arrest rates, and less dependency on social services. The High/Scope philosophy is based on the work of Jean Piaget, Piage suggests that â€Å"When the active school requires that student’s efforts come from the student himself instead of being imposed, and that his intelligence undertakes authentic work instead of accepting predigested knowledge from outside, it is simply asking that laws of all intelligence be respected† (cited in Dunlap, 1997, p. 56) Piaget used the term â€Å"active school† to refer to a child being involved in active exploration of and ecperimentation with the environment rather than the child passively listening to a teacher provide instruction. High/Scope focuses on the importantance of active learning (Dunlap, 1997). The HighScope Curriculum emphasizes active participatory learning. Active learning means students have direct, hands-on experiences with people, objects, events, and ideas. Children’s interests and choices are at the heart of the HighScope programs. Children are active learners, they learn best through the experiences that they gained from the world around them and their own discoveries (Holt, 2007). They construct their own knowledge through interactions with the world and the people around them. In active learning settings, adults expand children’s thinking with diverse materials and nurturing interactions environment. The Wheel of Active Learning High/Scope is often pictured as a ‘wheel’ rotating on the ‘hub’ of active learning—learning through hands-on involvement with people, materials, events, and ideas. High/Scope’s wheel of active learning has four ‘spokes’: Adult/Child Interaction, Learning Environment, Daily Routine, and Assessment. Adult/Child Interaction means that shared control between adults and children is central to the High/Scope Curriculum. In addition to sharing control, adults in a High/Scope classroom participate in children’s play, conversa as partners with them, focus on children’s strengths and offer them support, and encourage children’s problem solving. Lists of recommended ‘key experiences’ (58 of them) have been compiled and incorporated into the High/Scope curriculum, to further children’s mental, physical, social and emotional development. These key experiences fall into ten categories: creative representation, language and literacy, initiative and social relations, movement, music, classification, seriation, number, space, and time. Learning Experience/environment is about how High/Scope settings set out their rooms to support children’s choices and interest. In High/Scope settings, a well-defined interest areas that typically include a home area, art area, block area, toy area, and other areas that reflect the children’s interests. High/Scope classrooms follow a predictable sequence of events called the Daily Routine. The daily routine in a High/Scope classroom includes plan-do-review, small and large group time, outside time, transition times, and eating and resting times. Plan-do-review is a key component of High/Scope approach, children first plan what materials they want to work with, what they want to do and whom they want do it with. Once they have made a plan they can go and do it. Then, after this chosen work -time, the children discuss what they did and whether it was the same as or different from what they had planned. Another key element of High/Scope is Assessment. In High/Scope settings, teachers assess children’s development with comprehensive observations, they record daily anecdotes describing what children do and says. Teachers review these anecdotes and rate each child using an assessment tool that is organized into six areas of development several times a year. These scores will help the teachers design developmentally appropriate learning opportunities and can be used to explain children’s progress during conferences (Holt, 2007) Holt stressed that there are five basic ingredients of High/Scope approch: a variety of interesting Materials; the opportunity to explore and work with materials-Manipulation; the opportunity to choose materials and decide how to use them- Choice; children talk about their experiences and learning-Language; Support for adult. (Holt, 2007, p,13) Roopnarine and Johnson argued that teachers new to the High/Scope curriculum sometimes confusing about their roles. They should see themselves as actively observers and setting up problem solving situations for children (Roopnarine and Johnson, 2003). Generally, Sheinehart described the Validity of the High/Scope Reschool Education Model as: â€Å"The High/Scope model of preschool education is an open framework of educational ideas and practices based on the natural development of young children, developed by David Weikart and his colleagues in the 1960s. Based on the child development ideas of Jean Piaget, the High/Scope preschool model views children as active learners, who learn best from activities that they themselves plan, carry out, and reflect upon. Adults arrange interest areas in the learning environment; maintain a daily routine that permits children to learn actively; and join in children’s activities, asking questions that extend children’s plans and help them think through what they do. They encourage children to engage in a variety of key experiences that contribute to their own development. † (Sheinehart, 2003). Comparing with Te Whariki (the National Curriculum Framework for Early Childhood of New Zealand), Te Whariki is adopted Vygotsky’s sociolcultural approach, it is a bicultural document, which is written in both English and Maori. â€Å"The developers of Te Whariki developed a framework that has implemented a bicultural perspective, an anti-racist approach and reciprocal relationships with the Maori Community in New Zealand†(Soler &Miller, 2003, p,62) Reggio Emilia is a small town of about 130,000 people in Northern Italy. The approach was developed at the end of World War Two by the local community. Since then, â€Å"the city of Reggio Emilia has been developing an educational system for young children through the collaborative efforts of parents, teachers, and the general community, under the guiding influence of Loris Malaguzzi† (Hewett, 2001, p,95). In 1991, Newsweek magazine noted that in Reggio Emilia, there are 33 infant/toddler schools and preschools of the system were among the ten best school systems in the world. Over the last 35 years, a process of collaborative examination and snalysis of teaching and learning about children were carried out by the teachers in the Reggio Emilia schools. This examination and analysis has broadened constructivist theory, and the results have been demonstrated to experts in education. (Klein, 2007) So far, â€Å"the schools in Regil Emilia have grown out of a culture that values children, out of the intense commitment of group of parents, out of the leadership of a visionary man† (Neugebauer, 1994, p,67). The key elements of Reggio Emilia approach include: Child as active leaner; Environment as the third teacher; three parties (children, parents and teachers) collaborating in children’s learning; Making learning visible. Regio Emilia approach requires children to be seen as competent, resourceful, curious, imaginative, innovative and possessing a desire to interact and communicate with others. The role of collaboration among children, teachers and parent, the co-construction of knowledge, the interdependence of individual and social learning and the role of culture in understanding this interdependence. (Baji Rankin, 2004). The approach is based on work of Dewey, Paiget & Vygotsky, these multiple influences led Reggio Emilia approach see children as active and competent learner. (klein, 2007) Although the approach draws many ideas and theories of the great thinkers, â€Å"the fundamental philosophy serving to guide this approach is much more than an eclectic mix of theories† (Hewett, 2001, p. 99). Cooperation and collaboration are terms that stress the value of revisiting social learning. First of all, in term of cooperation, children must become member of a community that is working together, once there is a foundation of trust between the children and adults, collaboration start. An atelierista is a teacher who has a special training that supports the curriculum development of the children and other faculty members. Pedagogistas are built in as part of the carefully planned support system of the Reggio Emilia schools. They are educational consultants that strive to implement the philosophy of the system and advocate for seeing children as the competent and capable people they are. They also make critical connections between families, schools, and community. (Klein, 2007). â€Å"Documentation† is one of the special features of the Reggio Emilia approach, it uses the environment to explain the history of projects and the school coommunity. It serves many pruposes but the most important is used as a research tool for studing children’s learning porcesses. According to Hong (1998) : â€Å"Documentation is about what children are doing, learning and grasping and the product of documentation is a reflection of interactions between teachers and children and among children. Because it is done on a daily basis, is a medium through which teachers discuss curriculum, keep it fluid and emergent, and develop a rational for its course. It provids a growing theory for daily practice† (p, 51) One of  the highlights of Reggio Emilia is the complex long term exploratio of the porjects. The projects of Reggio Emilia always involves in everyday subjects rather than remote or academic ones, such as: weather, rainbows, sunlight, city life, etc and it always be long term projects. In a Reggio Emilia setting, it always includes an art studio and mini-art corners adjoining the individual classrooms. An professional artist is a standard member of staff, complementing the work of teachers by helping children communicate in their ‘hundred languages,’as Malaguzzi referred to children’s many ways of expressing themselves. The Reggio teacher plays a role of artful balacing between engagement and attention (Edwards, 1998). Classroom teachers work in pairs, organize environments rich in possibilites and provocations that invite the children to undertake extended exploration and problem solving. Teachers also are as documenters for the children, help them trace and revist their words and actions to make the learning visible. They provide instruction in tool and material use for children, help find materials and resources, and scaffold children’s learning. The Reggio Emilia teachers are unique because they offer themselves to the process of co-construction of knowledge, they release the traditional roles of the teachers and open doors to new possibilities. The teacher start with the use of the children’s own theories, promote disequlibrium, and help children to think about their thinking to facilitate new learning (Klein, 2007). Different than High/Scope, the environment of Reggio Emilia set up as a â€Å"third teacher†, it is believed beauty helps with concentration, the setting of Reggio Emila always very attractive and pleasing. Different with the other early childhood setting, the layout of typical school set up like the traditional Italian town square with a central, indoor piazza, kitchen and the courtyard. The layout of the setting encourages encounters communication and relationships. (Thornton and Brunton, 2007) The educators of Reggio Emilia view the school as a living organism which sharing relationships among the children, the teachers and the parents. The school produces for the adults, but above all for the children, a feeling of belonging in a world that is alive welcoming and authentic (Malaguzzi, 1994, p. 58). One of the criticisms of the Reggio Emilia approach is that it has been in the absence of a written curriculum and it is a lack of accountability to the wider society. (Soler and Miller, 2003) Any early childhood setting want to apply Reggio Emilia approach to one’s own practice must be careful with the different cultural background. As Hewett stressed that â€Å"Reggio Emilia approach is strongly influenced by a unique image of the child and deeply embedded within the surrounding culture† (2001, p. 99) The Reggio Emilia approach can not be simply coped, it must be carefully uncovered and redefined according to one’s own culture. Similar as Te Whariki, Reggio Emilia is based upon sociocultural principles and emphasizes a child (learner)- centered practice to teaching and learning. The difference between Te Whariki and Reggio Emilia is that Reggio Emilia is not a compromise between the demands of a National Curriculum. The educator of Reggio Emilia do not follow any predetermined national framework, so the Reggio Emilia is always referred to as an ‘approach’ or ‘educational system’ not as a ‘curriculum’ (Soler and Miller, 2003). Early Childhood is an important stage in children’s lives when they find out about and make sense of their surroundings by interacting with others. An ideal curriculum should highlight this tremendous capacity that children have to learn and develop, and the importance of everyone working together to give children rich experiences in these early years. As an early childhood educator, the author has been working in different early childhood settings. The approaches that the setting applied include Montessori, High/Scope and play based. In author’s opinion, the curriculum play the important role of early childhood education, teacher’s role of implementing the curriculum to the daily practical work is more important. Conclusion: Early childhood is the most important time of great opportunity for children’s learning and development. The early childhood curriculum should provide children enjoyable and challenging learn experiences so that children can grow and develop as competent and confident learners. In this paper, the philosophy, features and development of High/Scope and Reggio Emilia approach have been discussed. Meanwhile, the author compares these two curriculums with Te Whariki and talk about the philosophy of early childhood education as well. Reference list Edwards, C. , Gandini, L. , & Forman, G. (1998). The Hundred Languages of Children: The Reggio Emilia approach—advanced reflections. New Jersey: Ablex Publishing Corporation. Hewett, V. M. (2001) Examining the Reggio Emilia Approach to Early Childhood Education. Early Childhood Education Journal, 29(2), 95-100. Holt, N. (2007). Bringing the high/scope approach to your early years practice. Oxon,UK: Routledge. Klein, A. S. (2007). Different Approaches to Teaching: Comparing Three Preschool Programs. Available From: http://www. earlychildhoodnews. com/earlychildhood/article_print. aspx? ArticleId=367 [Accessed 17 February] Neugebauer, B. (1994). Unpacking My Question and Images: Personal Reflections of Reggio Emilia. Child Care Information Exchange, 3, 67-70. Newsweek (1991, Dec. 2). The 10 Best Schools in the World, and what we can learn from them. 51-64. Schweinhart, L. J. (2005). The High/Scope Perry Preschool Study Through Age 40. Ypsilanti, US: High/Scope Press. Soler, J. , & Miller, L. (2003). The Struggle for Early Childhood Curricula: a comparison of the English Foundation Stage Curriculum, Te Whariki and Reggio Emilia. International Journal of Early Years Education, 11(1), 57-67. Thornton, L. & Brunton, P. (2005). Understanding the Reggio approach: Reflections on the early childhood experience of Reggio Emilia. London, UK: David Fulton.

Examine the Impact of Multinational Corporations Setting up in Developing Countries Essay

There has been a very controversial debate over years now about the impact of multinational corporations setting up in developing countries, which have many supporters as well as opponents. Surely there is not only one way to look at this more and more common phenomenon that affects the host countries in many both positive and negative ways that are discussed in this paper. The term multinational corporations (MNCs) is used â€Å"to identify firms that have extensive involvement in international business and engage in foreign direct investment (FDI). MNCs own and control value-adding activities in more than one country that are usually coordinated from central headquarters† (Griffin and Pustay, 2005). The investment of MNCs in the developing countries has greatly increased since the mid-1980s, because of globalization as they looked for new resources and larger markets (Greer and Singh, 2000). Presently, there are over 35,000 multinational corporations with more than 15,000 foreign subsidiaries, which is around one-third of the whole world production. Their value is estimated to be more than $1.5 trillion, one-third of which in the developing countries (GhanaWeb, 2012). The developing countries with most multinational investment are those with highest growth potential like Asian countries: China, Malaysia, Thailand, Singapore, and Latin American ones: Mexico, Argentina and Brazil. The African countries get less than 4% while the poorest 50 countries worldwide receive less than 2%. Over a half of business activities of MNCs deal with manufacturing and services and one-third with oil and gas (GhanaWeb, 2012). According to the report by the Institute for Policy Studies out of 100 lar gest world economies, based on corporate sales and country GDPs, 49 of those economies are countries while the other 51 are multinational corporations. Also, it is stated that the sales of the Top 200 corporations are equal to the 27.5 percent of world economic activity (Institute for Policy Studies, 2012). These numbers show how powerful MNCs are and how  important they are to the world economy, but what is their impact on the developing countries? On the one hand, multinational corporations setting up in developing countries have a very positive effect on their host countries. First of all they provide direct employment to local people and transfer of skills through education and experience. They also affect the indirect employment through paying rent for land or buildings and cooperating with local suppliers, who now have more demand and must deliver higher quality products. As residents have more chances for income they can purchase more and improve their standards of living, while there is generally greater selection and availability of goods and services. The standard of living of local people in some developing countries like Bermuda, the Bahamas, South Korea, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Taiwan has improved largely after the investment of multinational corporations there (Action Institute, 2012). In addition, attracting foreign investment in the developing countries results in economic growth and higher national income. Such countries are usually better off with higher development rates, higher exports, lower imports and additional tax revenues coming from the multinational corporations. For instance, when Toyota started working in Georgetown, Kentucky it paid $1.5mln in property taxes, which was around one-fourth of the town’s municipal budget. By attracting foreign direct investment developing countries will also make substantial tax revenues that can be later on spent on health care, education and other domestic needs (Griffin and Pustay, 2005). In order to attract foreign direct investment local governments many times compete with each other to offer better conditions to multinational investors and lower the income taxes for their corporations. Yet they still get great amounts of money from the corporations that they would not get otherwise. Moreover, when moving into developing countries multinational corporations transfer technology and skill with them. There are also great improvements made to the local infrastructure to allow the effective operation of the corporations (Action Institute, 2012). That is a very important aspect for the developing countri es as it improves their development and brings them at least a bit closer to the developed countries. Developing countries get an update on technology that people get used to and learn to work on, while the whole local society benefits from improved infrastructure like better roads, telecommunications etc. On the  other hand, multinational corporations can have a very negative effect on the developing countries. They are a very strong direct competition to local firms that are forced to shut down and due to their political and economic power they have advantages given by the local governments over small, national or start-up businesses. An example of such additional advantages to multinational corporations over local firms include lower taxation, less strict laws and less bureaucracy in setting up and later on operating the business activities. This results in unfair competition, while shutting up local firms leads to unemployment and in some cases monopoly (Global Issues, 2012). Furthermore, due to their great size and wealth multinational corporations usually gain great economic and political power that can be misused. They usually have big influence on the local governments and are quite often associated with corporate corruption, bribery, lobbying or sponsoring politics campaigns during elections. As the corporations grow bigger they have a greater concentration of wealth, power and influence in the local area. The local authorities often face the threat of multinational corporations withdrawing the local market in case of stricter laws, higher taxation or other problems. In cases when multinational corporations really withdrew such markets, the whole process had a devastating effect on local economy strongly dependant on the foreign investment rates of unemployment went up and rates of economic growth went down at once (Adeyeye, 2012). Additionally, since multinational corporations can afford the best lawyers and accountants they are recognized for their large scale tax avoidance especially through mispricing transfers and false invoicing. In 2008 it was estimated that the developing world loses $160bn a year in tax revenue from only those two forms of tax avoidance (Global Issues, 2012). Not to mention the fact that local governments usually give corporations the privilege of lower taxation in order to attract the foreign investment. Unfortunately, the developing countries usually do not have the expertise, knowledge, wealth and power to address such issues. The multinational corporations are also known for their way of doing business: profit over people and their human rights. The reason why they decide to invest in host countries is to cut costs and maximise profits. If the cost of doing business was the same in home and host countries no company would decide to take such a great risk to expand overseas without any additional benefits. A great opportunity for  corporations is cutting costs in one of the most expensive factors of production: labour. Everyone has heard of cases of labour abuse, extremely low wages, child labour, poor working conditions and no health care in plants owned by multinational corporations in developing countries. In cases when local governments want to intervene and impose stricter laws on work safety, wages or even pollution controls they often have to deal with threats of market withdrawal and loss of foreign investment (Global Issues, 2012). Nevertheless, the wages paid to local workers seem low by western standards, but in local standards are acceptable and are much better than not having a job at all. Many multinational corporations like Nike have taken important steps to improve the working conditions of their employees in developing countries. Few years ago Nike was criticized for the poor working conditions and hard women and child labour in its plants in China, but the company w as not aware of these problems as it was subcontracting with Asian manufacturers. Nowadays the company works more closely with subcontractors on issues concerning employee rights and working conditions in its overseas plants (The World Bank Group, 2012). Last but not least, many opponents to the phenomenon of multinational corporations setting up in developing countries claim that the only reason they decide to invest in host countries is to gain access to their precious natural resources. These corporations exploit the non-renewable natural resources of developing countries like oil or gas for much less than their actual value. In exchange they negatively affect the local environment by polluting air, land and water through mining, auto, oil and chemical corporations. Then residents are left with no drinking water and diseases caused by heavily polluted environment like in China or India. However, small local firms also pollute the environment (on a smaller scale) and the issue needs stricter government regulations (The World Bank Group, 2012). Since these corpor ations do everything to keep their costs down and maximise their profits, they use non-environmentally friendly methods of production and non-renewable resources and get rid of production waste in a dangerous way. It is the government’s responsibility to make sure these corporations protect the environment through imposing regulations, controlling and making sure they are put in practice. To sum up, multinational corporations have both positive and negative impact on developing countries they are setting up in. They give employment to local people and improve their standards of living, bring economic growth, higher national income and tax revenues, not to mention the transfer of technology and skills. However, they are serious competition to local businesses, often violate human rights, practice tax avoidance, misuse their economic and political power, exploit the local natural resources and harm the environment. The developing countries have the most need for foreign direct investment from the multinational corporations in order to catch up with the developed countries in their economic development, but they are the most at risk of exploitation and have the least power to resist it. Multinational corporations can bring many benefits to local societies as a result of their business activities, but this is surely not their initial aim. The purpose of these giant firms is to make the biggest possible profits at the smallest cost. They do not invest in host countries for humanitarian reasons a nd they will not bother to put additional effort or spend additional money to improve certain issues on their own without having a gain in doing so. This is the role local governments and societies should take and strongly insist on. Especially the local authorities should keep power and control strongly, not let the corporations be excessively large and powerful or affect the local communities in a negative way. Multinational corporations can be engines of positive change in the developing countries, but the local authorities should always keep in mind the overall good of their people and land, not only in the short but also in the long run and set favourable agreements and strict regulations that will benefit and protect the residents and the environment. That is because if following all the demands of corporations, local communities have much more to lose than the investment; precious natural resources, residents’ health and welfare and clean environment once gone cannot b e returned. Bibliography Adeyeye, A. (2012). Corporate Social Responsibility of Multinational Corporations in Developing Countries: Perspectives on Anti-Corruption. Cambridge University Press. London, UK. Griffin, R. and Pustay, M. (2005). International Business. A Managerial Perspective. Prentice Hall, New York, USA. Greer, J. and Kavaljit, S. (2000). A Brief History of Transnational Corporations. Corpwatch. Global Policy Forum. Jones, G.& George, J. (2008). Contemporary Management. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. New York, USA. Online Articles Action Institute. Multinational Corporations in the Third World: Predators or Allies in Economic Development? http://www.acton.org/pub/religion-liberty/volume-2-number-5/multinational-corporations-third-world-predators-o. Accessed 2/05/2012. GhanaWeb. Multinational Corporations and the Developing World. http://www.ghanaweb.com/GhanaHomePage/NewsArchive/artikel.php?ID=171863. Accessed 3/05/2012. Global Issues. The Rise of Corporations. http://www.globalissues.org/article/234/the-rise-of-corporations. Accessed 4/05/2012. Institute for Policy Studies. Top 200: The Rise of Corporate Global Power. http://www.ips-dc.org/reports/top_200_the_rise_of_corporate_global_power. Accessed 2/05/2012. The World Bank Group. Multinational Corporations in Developing Countries and Corporate Social Responsibility. http://info.worldbank.org/etools/bSPAN/presentationView.asp?EID=417&PID=827. Accessed 3/05/2012.

Electronic Intelligence Versus Human Intelligence

It seems that nowadays people pay too much attention to technological advancements that promote information and interpersonal communication. In The Poet and the Computer, Norman Cousins argues that the â€Å"problem of technology is not solely to be more productive and comfortable, more content, but how to be more sensitive, more sensible, more proportionate, more alive. † According to Cousins, the real problem of technology is whether it makes easier or harder for human to know who they are, to identify their real problems.From my point of view, although technology allows people to live easily and efficiently, it cannot inspire people's imagination, nor can it enrich human spirit. Computers can help people access all the information they desire-?new and old, however, as Cousins wrote, â€Å"electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research, but they cannot eliminate the foolishness and decay that come from the unexamined life. † It is u ndeniable that computer made a huge progress in human proficiency, but it also has limitations.People cannot expect electronic brains to help them prevent failures, reflect failures n their lives. Electronic brains know how to decrease â€Å"the profusion of dead end†, but they never reflect those dead ends. Electronic brains are designed to provide the right answers. However, people should not only be satisfied with the results, but also the process. In Chinese schools, teachers often tell students that † failure is the mother of success, you should not be afraid of making mistakes, but you have to learn something from failure, then to prevent it in the future. Therefore, solely depending on technology can only solve issues at hand, being reflective and inconsiderate is the key for human society to make progress. Computers can provide material to get people involved, but they do not identify with the real meaning of the information and stories that they produced. Many people believe that computers can provide the correct answers in the most convenient way. However, sometimes computers cannot process and analyze information to assist people in better understanding.It can also lead to a dead-ended search in some way. Consequently, it is impossible to expect technology to answer the questions that people are filled with. Computer cannot replace human intelligence because technology serves as a medium to assist people in gaining information all over the world. How to further develop the information and to apply it in real lives are the main concerns that need human inputs. Even though technology helps people overcome the obstacles of time and space, it cannot tap into human emotional field.As Cousin states in his article, â€Å"technology cannot connect a man to the things he has to be connected to-?the reality of pain in others; the possibilities of creative growth n himself; the memory of the race; and the rights of the next generation. † In a â€Å"computerized time†, technology allows people to keep in touch anywhere any time, hence many people consider that social media such as Faceable and Twitter are appropriate for communication. Many of them even have become addicted to social networking. They spend hours looking through pictures, answering comments under each post, and chatting with different strangers.Because social networking is so distracting, people often forget to communicate in the most influential way, which is face-to-face communication. Faceable does affect face-to-face communication because it often takes the expression and emotion out of communication. The Joy of actual seeing someone is crying or laughing is being taken away. A person can put his or her pictures of smiling faces on Faceable, but can others feel his or her emotion simply through that photo? People will become gradually disconnected if they spend too much time on social network rather than emotionally, personally connect with f amily and friends.In modern days, people tend to believe that they can automatically get pleasure and enjoyment whenever they want. However, humans need emotional connection and face-to-face communication in order to experience others' feelings and emotions. Technology has a negative effect on humans because it gives people a sense of accomplishment easily. People will indulge in the acceptability; hence decrease the ability to think by themselves. The main reason for this is technology gives people the opportunity to find answers that others have found before us.People will be satisfied with the answers that was already given instead of coming up with new ideas on their own. As Cousins states, â€Å"The computer knows how to vanquish error, but before we lose ourselves in celebration of victory, we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and dealing with it. † Therefore, people should be aware that even though we are now able to access information rapidly and easily through the Internet than before, it is necessary for us to develop our own thinking ability to meet different challenges.Without the process of struggle and dealing with difficulties, people will easily lose and forget the truths discovered by homeless. Once people start to solely rely on technology, the process of human society will move gradually slowly. Technology is a tool to help people perceive knowledge; and people cannot simply rely on it to solve all kinds of problems. For instance, Google translation is useful software for people to translate different languages. However, it can turn out to be a big problem if people use it in an improper way. In my seminar class, our professor talked about a story, which was related to the technological translation.One of his students once used his mother's engage to write a paper, and then translated it into English by Google's translation. Unfortunately, Google's tran slation could only translate the paper word by word, so that every sentence in the paper was broken. Later on, the student admitted that he translated his paper through Google translation. From this example, it is generally believed that people cannot predominately rely on technology. People should keep a skeptical eye towards the information, which is provided by technology, and then divide the information into useful and useless categories.As Bacon said, â€Å"If we begin tit certainties, we shall end in doubts; but if we begin with doubts, and we are patient with them, we shall end in certainties. † Consequently, people should not be satisfied with the certain answers produced by technology. It is necessary for people to get rid of the strong feeling of self-achievement which technology directly provides. Life is not the extension of technology, thus the primary purpose of technology should not be replacing human intelligence, but rather, facilitating human society progres s. Technology will always serve as a tool for human intelligence no matter how powerful and strong it becomes.Because humans have their own brains, they can create their own reality through imagination. According to Cousin, â€Å"The poet-?and I use the term to include all those who have respect for and speak to the human spirit-?can help to supply the subconscious with material to enhance its sensitivity, hence safeguarding it. † Cousin uses poet to represent humans own imaginative thinking and creativity. He believes the human inputs should be kept as its original form. Therefore, it is important for humans to keep their own spirit and create their own reality, which technology can never replace.We are now experiencing a time when people are easily overwhelmed and distracted. It is generally considered that technology has a negative influence on humans imagination and creativity. It detaches us from others' pain and sorrow, and continuously spread a feeling of instant grati fication. People should be able to use technology for facilitating themselves instead of replacing themselves.

How The Independent Publishing Magazine Can Increase Your Profits

How The Independent Publishing Magazine Can Increase Your Profits If youre an indie author, in addition to writing gripping prose, you are required to make difficult and costly business decisions in a rapidly changing, digital industry. Many authors find the myriad choices available to be utterly baffling. The Independent Publishing Magazine (TIPM), an online affiliated website, guides authors toward making smart choices through ratings and reviews of publishing services, and meaty trade news.Founded by Netherlands-based editor/journalist/author/publishing consultant Mick Rooney in 2007, the blog averages about one post per week, comprising a newsy and analytical resource for authors and small publishers who are developing a brand.Commended by Writers Digest 101 Best Websites for Writers, and Feedspots Top 100 Self Publishing Blogs and Websites for Independent Authors, among other fans, TIPM is listed among scores of websites that review publishing resources. It is unique, however, in featuring the originally researched and synthesized Publishing S ervice Index.The Publishing Service Index not only rates and reviews publishing services, it ranks companies over time, providing a picture of overall industry trends, and enabling the author to evaluate a company like a stock. Hey, you might as well hitch your fortune to a star! For instance, a trip through the archives shows the closure of CreateSpace was foreseen by TIPM analysis at least a couple of years ago. Armed with this knowledge, the savvy and efficient indie author might have opted to invest resources with Ingram Spark or Smashwords. (More about the Publishing Service Index later.)Photo by rawpixel on UnsplashA roadmap for accessing TIPM intelWriters new to self-publishing should immerse themselves in the New to Publishing articles under the Author Resources tab. A seven-part series entitled The Future of Publishing 2020 makes an excellent primer of industry dynamics. Rooney discusses the evolutions of traditional and self-publishing business models with an entertaining, insider voice. Guest posters provide step-by-step How-to articles and videos to quickly get the new indie author up to speed. Or progress more quickly with searches for key topics by using the red-boxed tags.After digesting the fundamentals, assess your own skill set before deciding what services you are going to need. How much of the publishing work do you want to take on yourself? Do you want to design your own cover, or prepare an entire book file for publication? Which jobs do you want to contract out? There is no right or wrong answer. There may be as many logical choices as there are writers.Its important to articulate your requirements and expectations, then match your needs with the best services and companies for the project. Some companies offer a whole gamut of services presented in packages. Others specialize in particular services from an a la carte menu.In addition, you can use TIPMs powerfully informative Publishers Service Index to identify the companies that will b est meet your objectives. Launched in June 2010, the Publishing Service Index is now released twice a year.Service providers such as Matador, Ingram Spark, Kindle Direct Publishing, Kobo Writing Life, and about eighty or ninety others are rated according to TIPMs proprietary algorithm. The formula considers both anecdotal author feedback and objective, weighted criteria, such as (not listed in any particular order):Volume of titlesYears in existenceFees chargedTIPM review ratingService rangeDistribution rangeCustomer support and transparencyThese factors produce an index rating, which determines each companys rank.Remember that the companies profiled offer differing services. So, to avoid comparing apples to pears, reviews focus on what a company claims it will do, and the extent to which it delivers the promised service to customers.Photo by Edho Pratama on UnsplashMore about The Publishing Service IndexThe Publishing Service Index is not presented as an exact science, nor is it ex haustive. There are hundreds of self-publishing service providers in the USA alone. But the Index is a powerful mass of information in one website. Check out the November 2018 Publishing Service Index.Results are ranked in a clickable table that links the author to detailed, in-depth reviews and updates for each publishing service listed. First, survey the Index to decide the kind(s) of service(s) that best fit your needs. Then drill into the individual reviews.Be sure to read or scan all the way down to the Comments section, where real live authors who have dealt with that company may flag a warning, or sing praises to other authors who are considering using the same service.Dont feel you need to choose a company listed in the top five. Some authors will find it optimal to use a combination of companies, particularly if you are publishing in both e-book and print formats. Just because a company and their services dont fit with your requirements, doesnt mean its a bad company. That said, the further down the Index your choice falls, as an author, the more likely you may be to find a company with mixed or negative feedback, and less flexibility.TIPM Editor-in-Chief Mick Rooney expounds on the November 2018 Publishing Service Index with this analysis:With CreateSpace shuttering and Amazon continuing with its longer-term strategy to merge and streamline its print and ebook platforms, I have dropped CreateSpace to the bottom of the index ahead of its imminent closure.The recent indices reflect something of a mini-resurgence for some of the top-rated Full-Service Providers. While IngramSpark maintains third position, Kindle Direct Publishing has now slipped to second, and Matador for the first time hits the top spot.I am finding it increasingly difficult to suggest a large and varied pool of reputable full publishing service providers to authors looking to go in that direction, particularly if an author wants both print and ebook editions of their book.We are movin g to a publishing landscape where authors need to take greater control in the management of their book projects, and that means looking to publishing marketplaces to connect with professionals, whether an author is looking for a book designer, a skilled book formatter, an editor, or marketing and promotional assistance.IPM Editor-in-Chief Mick RooneyIf thats the case, trustworthy reviews and ratings of a la carte publishing service providers remain essential.Beyond the publishing service indexAdditionally found within the site, robust articles, not promotional puff pieces, are catalogued under the headings of Self Publishing, Traditional Publishing, and Digital/Traditional Marketing. From News and Opinions, to Advice and Technology, Forums,TIPMs editorial scope thoroughly covers independent publishing, as well as its intersection with traditional publishing in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Western Europe.Going back to 2013, frank reporting covers innovations, and merger s and splits, from notable industry players down to startups that have already gone bust. Penguin imprints, Vantage, Kobo, Reedsy, prestigious awards to self-published authors, the London/Frankfurt Book Fairs, Blurb, Lulu, Nook, BookBaby, Bowker, Liberty Hill, Barnes Nobel, WattPad, BooksAMillion, Pronoun/Vook, Fast Pencil, Blurb, Troubadour, Unbound, Google Playbooks and PubSlush, are among many more subjects.You can read, for instance, the Author Solutions exposà © as events unfolded resulting in the first class-action lawsuit filed against Author Solutions in the summer of 2013, by several authors who charged the company with fraud. The Author Solutions model of gouging and exploiting authors (often new writers) was denounced in a second lawsuit alleging deceptive practices and the exploitation of seniors. The cases were dismissed in 2015.A rigorous education for authorsTIPM archives trace the exciting evolution of independent publishing and offer the website user a rigorous ed ucation. Authors turn to The Independent Publishing Magazine for extensive knowledge of all aspects of self-publishing, for consistency, and for passion on the part of its Editor-in-Chief.In the November 2018 Publishing Service Index, Mick Rooney stated:I rarely now review new companies in the full-service provider arena and even updating existing provider reviews takes a significant amount of time and effort. I continue to have a backlog of reviews that need updating or a complete rewrite. I appreciate that companies keep me up-to-date on their development plans, but if I am brutally honest (and you know I often am!), I dont see the innovation in publishing I experienced going back over the past five years. Also, bear in mind that TIPM is no longer a full-time occupation for me and Im very grateful to our many guest posters.IPM Editor-in-Chief Mick RooneyWith this admission, its fair to ask if TIPM will continue to provide the timely and critical decision-making information credite d with by this review, and that serious indie authors have come to rely upon. It is certainly feasible for the Magazine to continue with quality, efficient delivery of industry news on the strength of its guest posters, because we need a lot of perspectives to really see the field of indie publishing.As it stands today, the blog can have a huge, positive impact on your self-publishing success by serving as at least one guidepost to help you find the most fitting service, and saving you from falling into the hands of scammers and companies not keeping their promises.You worked hard to write that book. You deserve to profit from its sale. Transform yourself from a dreamy creative into a savvy indie publisher in the time it takes to thoroughly study The Independent Publishing Magazine and its archives.

41 UTB Study Guide- Essay Example

41 UTB Study Guide 41 UTB Study Guide- Paper 41 UTB Study Guide- Paper LENGTH W/O RUBRAILS 40 8 LENGTH WITH RUBRAILS 41 3 3/4 BEAM (WITHOUT RUBRAILS) 13 5 1/4 BEAM (WITH RUBRAILS) 14 01 FREEBOARD BOW 04 01 FREEBOARD AMIDSHIP 03 09 FREEBOARD STERN 02 09 DRAFT 04 01 FIXED HEIGHT (RADAR ANTENNA) 13 02 UNFIXED HEIGHT ( AM ANTENNA) 26 08 MAST HEIGHT 17 0 ENGINES CUMMINS DIESEL VT-903M SHAFT HORSEPOWER 340 SHP FUEL #2 DIESEL FUEL CAPACITY (FULL) 486.8 GALLONS FUEL (95%) 463 GALLONS FUEL (USABLE) 420 GALLONS- 210/TANK PROPELLARS TWO 4 BLADED 26 DIA X 28 PITCH MAX SPEED 26 KTS ENDURANCE @ MAX SPEED 10.5 HRS RANGE AT 18 KTS (2,000 RPM)` 300 NM DISPLACEMENT, FULL LOAD 30,000 LBS DISPLACEMENT (LESS CARGO) 26,000 LBS CREW 3 PASSENGERS 20 LONGITUDINAL FRAME SPACING 11 TRANSVERSE FRAME SPACING 31 HULL THICKNESS (B/T GUNWALE AND CHINES) 3/16 HULL THICKNESS (B/T CHINES AND KEEL) 1/4 HULL THICKNESS (B/T FRAMES 11 ; 13) 5/16 DECK HANDRAILS 1 1/4 40 ALUM 36 OFF DECK FOREPEAK (WATERTIGHT) BOW TO BLKHD 2 PASSENGER COMPARTMENT (NOT WATERTIGHT) BLKHD 2 TO 6 ENGINE ROOM (WATERTIGHT TO MAIN DECK) BLKHD 6 TO 10 FUEL TANK (WATERTIGHT TO WELL DECK) BLKHD 10 TO FRAME 11 LAZARETTE (WATERTIGHT) FRAME 11 TO TRANSOM FOREPEAK- OUTFIT DANFORTH ANCHOR-22/25 LB GALV. ANCHOR LINE- 300FT DBN THIMBLE-3/4 SHACKLE SCREW PIN- 5/8 SWIVEL- 1/2 ANCHOR CHAFE CHAIN- 9FT, 1/2 BBB GALV SHACKLE SCREW PIN- 7/16 MAIN DECK- OUTFIT DANFORTH ANCHOR-22/25LB GALV BOAT HOOKS- 8FT 1 PORT 1 STBD LIFE RING-24 DIAMETER FLOAT LIGHT-60+/- 10 FPM 6 PERSON LIFE RAFT- 50PAINTER LINE W/WEAK LINK LAST 10FT, MARKED RED Y GATE- UNDER LIFE RAFT SPANNER WRENCHES 2-BLKHD ABOVE LIFE RAFT WELL DECK- OUTFIT DEWATERING PUMP- P6 2.5 GAL UNLEADED, RUNS 4-5 HRS, RUN WITHOUT GAS FOR 2-3 MINS, 250GAL/MIN, 12FT SUCT LIFT, 6 1/2HP, 3 SUCT/ 1.5DISCH., 4 CYCLE TOWLINE- 600FT DBN- MIN OF 300 FT 2 3/4-100 Gross Tons SAFETY GAS CAN- 5 GLNS. FOR PUMP W/COVER LAZARETTE- (WATERTIGHT) OUTFIT EMERGENCY TILLER PORT STEP BOX- OUTFIT HEAVING LINES- 2/75FT RESCUE HEAVING LINES 75FT SKIFF HOOK LINE- 12FT SHACKLES- VARIOUS SIZES 4 EA STARBOARD STEP BOX- OUTFIT CHAFING GEAR LEADLINE- 100 FT DEANCHORING SHACKLE-3/4 SMALL T-HANDLE LARGE T-HANDLE MOUSING TIES PILOT HOUSE- OUTFIT BINOCULARS FLASHLIGHT BATTLE LANTERN FIRE EXTINGUISHER (10LB PKP) GPS- 38-55.24N/076-28.358W RADAR OPERATION RADIO CHECK-23A/16/CG112 FATHOMETER COXSWAIN SEAT BOX KIT PEN LIGHT W/RED LENS-1 STOP WATCH-1 DIVIDERS/WEEMS SHORT AND LONG-1EA NAUTICAL SLIDE RULE-1 SAR SLIDE RULE-1 PARALLEL RULER-1 DRY ERASE MARKERS-2 NOTEPAD-1 GUN ERASERS-2 PENCIL SHARPENER-1 SHARP PENCIL/MECH.-4 NAVIGATION BOOKS SAR MANUAL/ADDENDUM TIDES/CURRENTS BOOK LIGHT LIST COAST PILOT NAV RULES NAV STANDARDS FOLDER CHART NO.1 41 UTB OPERATORS MANUAL ELECTRONICS MANUAL EMRG. REPONS. GUIDE RADIO FREQ. HANDBOOK CHARTS IN BLACK BAG ; 12266 12270 12272 12278 12282 12283 ELECTRONICS CONSOLE SINS ELECTRONIC PLOTTER AIS VHF RADIO ;FURUNO LOUD HAILER ;DEPTH SOUNDER STORAGE AREA 60 NORWEIGIN ROAVING FENDERS-CHERRY FENDERS(8X30 WHT CYLINDRICAL MOORING LINES-2-2 3/4 DBN-30FT- 2-2 3/4 DBN 60FT FIRE EXT. 10LB PKP FIRE EXT. 05 CO2 DAMAGE CONTROL KIT SAFETY GROUNDING WAND TRASH CAN W/LID TOOL BOX BATTLE LANTERN PORTABLE SEARCH LIGHT WINDSHIELD WIPER BOTTLE 3/4 FULL FRESH WATER TANK PASSENGER COMPARTMENT STOKES LITTER- GREY, RED, BLUE, GRN, BLK 10PERSON FIRST AID KIT PAPER TOWEL DISPENSER 24HOUR CLOCK PYRO-VESTS-5 UNDER SINK MOUTH REED HORN PORTABLE AIR HORN EAR PROTECTORS PORT SEAT SWIMMER HARNESS-100FT/MASK/FINS/SNORKEL 3EA-HELMET/GLOVES/GOGGLES-HELO OPS 2-PILLOWS 4-WOOL BLANKETS GRAPNEL HOOK-4LB 100FT- 2 ENGINEERING SPARE PARTS KIT-racor filter, oil filter, alternator belt, belt fire pump, light bulb-nav/int., fuses, salt water impellar with gasket STBD SEAT 4- ADULT TYPE I W/STROBE AND WHISTLE ; 2- CHILD TYPE I W/STROBE AND WHISTLE GUN LOCKER PYRO- ; 12-MK-124 ; 6- MK-127A ; 2- MK-79 ENGINE RPMS 700-725 IDLE ; MAX RPM 2700 ; MAX CONT. RPM 2300 ; RED LINE 2700 WATER TEMP ; 165-195 DEGREE ; ALARM 205 DEG. ; SECURE 212 DEG. LUBE OIL PRESSURE 10-30 PSI IDLE ; 40-65 PSI CRUISING ; MINIMUM 30 PSI MARINE GEAR OIL PRESSURE ; 25-70 IDLE 1 ; 90-220 PSI CRUISING MAIN ENGINES CUMMINS DIESEL VT-903M 340 SHAFT HP ; 4 STROKE 8 CYLINDER ; LIQUID COOLED RIGHT ; HANDED ROTATION FROM THE FRONT MODEL VT-903M WHICH REPRESENTS V- BLOCK CONFIG ; T- TURBO CHARGED ; 903 CUBIC-INCH DISPLACEMENT ; M- MARINE VERSION LUBE OIL SYSTEM OIL CAPACITY- 6 GLNS TOTAL ; 15W40 ; IDLE PSI- 10-30 ; CRUISING PSI 45-65 MIN ; PSI ALARM- 12 PSI LOSS OF LUBE OIL PRESS. THROTTLES BACK ID AFFECTED ENGINE SECURE AFFECT ENGINE RIG ANCHOR IF NECESS CHECK BILGE FOR LUBE OIL NOTIFY STATION FUEL OIL SYSTEM TOTAL- 486.8 GLNS ; 1 TANK HOLD- 243.4 ; TOTAL @ 95% 463 GLNS ; 1 TANK AT 95% 231.5 GLNS ; TRANSFER CAPACITY 20 GLNS/100 STROKES DEWATERING EQUIPMENT BILGE PUMPS RATE- ; 1300 GLNS PER HOUR- ; 21.6 GLNS PER MIN ; LOCATIONS-FWD OF BLKHDS 6 ; 10 DAMAGE CONTROL KIT HOSE CLAMPS RUBBER GASKET 4X4X1/8 SHEET WEDGES PLUGS MARLINE TWINE 250 OAKUM MARLIN WOODEN MALLET HACKSAW (WITH SHEETH) ; SPARE BLADES BOAT CAPSIZING SEEK EGRESS ROUTES HEAD HATCH PORT WINDOW STBD WINDOW AFT WINDOW AFT DOOR 1. BEST SWIMMER OUT FIRST 2. WORST SWIMMER 3. 2ND BEST SWIMMER HIGH WATER TEMP ALARMS [emailprotected] THROTTLES BACK CHECK WINDOW COX FLAT CHECK RAW H2O DISCH CHK SEA STRAINERS CHECK BILGE CHECK RAW H2O PUMP WITH BACK OF HAND RIG ANCHOR IS NECESS IF CONT. TO RISE SECURE ENGINE ENGINE ROOM FIRE ALARM SOUND 190DEG ; LOOK THROUGH GLASS COX FLAT ; DECIDE WHICH AGENT HALON 1301/5LB CO2/10LB PKP ; RIG ANCHOR IF NECESS ; RIG LIFE RAFT IF NECESS NOTIFY STATION SHAFT PACKING 6-10 DROPS PER MIN ; BRING THROTTLES BACK TO CLUTCH ; COOL SHAFT ; TIGHTEN OR LOOSEN PACKING GLAND NUT COLLISION W/ SUBMERGED OBJECT/RUNNING AGROUND BRING THROTTLES BACK TO NEUTRAL ; CHECK COMPARTMENTS BILGES FOR WATER ; CHECK FOR VIBRATION ; NOTIFY STATION LOSS OF STEERING BROKEN STEERING CABLE BROKEN HYDRAULIC HOSE JAMMED RUDDER HELM OR HELM PUMP FAILURE 1. THROTTLES BACK STEER WITH ENGINES RIG ANCHOR IF NECESS REMOVE EMERG. TILLER FROM LAZ ENGINES IN NEUTRAL MOUNT TILLER PORT SIDE GAIN POSITIVE CONTROL DISCONNECT TIE ROD TIE OFF NOTIFY STATION COMMS AND NAVIGATION ;Depth finder autohelm ST-50 ; Radar Raytheon an/sps-69 surface radar (.125-48 nm) ; Loudhailer Raytheon RAY-430 Direction finder CFM-IES- ; KDF VHF-FM receiver VHF-FM radio ranges from 146-175 MHz Raytheon ray-152 hf ssb serves as backup if there is a radio failure AM RADIO Between BHD-6 and FR-7: The depth finder tansducer pentrates the hull approximately 18; to starboard of the keel. FR-9 maximum draft occurs here, below the middle stanchion of the handrails FR-12 shafts and propellers are supported by shaft struts installed just forward of frame 12. the top of the propeller radius is approximately 2; below the water line. BOAT CREW MEMBER RESPONSIBILITIES Helm. ; Lookout. ; Towing watches. ; Anchor watch. They also: ; Rig towing and mooring lines. ; Act as the surface swimmer. ; Administer first aid. ; Operate damage control equipment. SEA STATE LIMITATIONS Max Winds ; 30 KTS ; Max Seas ; 8 ft. 41 UTB SPECS